In The VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) lifecycle, tape-out is often viewed as a major milestone. However, the true test of a chip begins only after silicon returns from fabrication. Post-silicon validation and bring-up represent the critical phase where theoretical correctness meets physical reality. At this stage, engineers must confirm https://d365financeandoperations75208.blogscribble.com/39717178/understanding-the-physical-design-perspective-in-modern-vlsi-education